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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CVSS v3 9.8
ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
Vendor: Hitachi Energy
Equipment: AFS65x, AFF66x, AFS67x, AFR67x Series
Vulnerabilities: Incorrect Calculation, Integer Overflow or Wraparound, Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output, Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities by an attacker could have a high impact on availability, integrity, and confidentiality of the targeted devices.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following Hitachi Energy products and versions are affected:

AFF66X FW: 03.0.02 and prior
AFS66X-S: All versions
AFS660-C: All versions
AFS66X-B: All versions
AFS670-V20: All versions
AFS65X: All versions
AFS67X: All versions
AFR677: All versions

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 INCORRECT CALCULATION CWE-682

In Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.3, a left shift by 29(or more) places in the storeAtts function in xmlparse.c can lead to realloc misbehavior (e.g., allocating too few bytes, or only freeing memory).

CVE-2021-45960 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.2 INTEGER OVERFLOW OR WRAPAROUND CWE-190

In doProlog in xmlparse.c in Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.3, an integer overflow exists for m_groupSize.

CVE-2021-46143 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.3 INTEGER OVERFLOW OR WRAPAROUND CWE-190

Vulnerable code using addBinding in xmlparse.c in Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.3 has an integer overflow.

CVE-2022-22822 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.4 INTEGER OVERFLOW OR WRAPAROUND CWE-190

Vulnerable code using build_model in xmlparse.c in Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.3 has an integer overflow.

CVE-2022-22823 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.5 INTEGER OVERFLOW OR WRAPAROUND CWE-190

Vulnerable code using defineAttribute in xmlparse.c in Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.3 has an integer overflow.

CVE-2022-22824 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.6 INTEGER OVERFLOW OR WRAPAROUND CWE-190

The lookup in xmlparse.c in Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.3 has an integer overflow.

CVE-2022-22825 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.7 INTEGER OVERFLOW OR WRAPAROUND CWE-190

Vulnerable code using nextScaffoldPart in xmlparse.c in Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.3 has an integer overflow

CVE-2022-22826 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H ).

3.2.8 INTEGER OVERFLOW OR WRAPAROUND CWE-190

An insecure direct object reference for the file-download URL in Synametrics SynaMan before 5.0 allows a remote attacker to access unshared files via a modified base64-encoded filename string.

CVE-2022-22827 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

3.2.9 INTEGER OVERFLOW OR WRAPAROUND CWE-190

In Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.5, there is an integer overflow in copyString.

CVE-2022-25314 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.2.10 INTEGER OVERFLOW OR WRAPAROUND CWE-190

In Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.5, there is an integer overflow in storeRawNames

CVE-2022-25315 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.11 IMPROPER ENCODING OR ESCAPING OF OUTPUT CWE-116

Vulnerable code in xmltok_impl.c in Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.5 lacks certain validation of encoding, such as checks for whether a UTF-8 character is valid in a certain context.

CVE-2022-25235 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.12 EXPOSURE OF RESOURCE TO WRONG SPHERE CWE-668

Vulnerable code in xmlparse.c in Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.5 allows attackers to insert namespace-separator characters into namespace URIs.

CVE-2022-25236 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.13 INTEGER OVERFLOW OR WRAPAROUND CWE-190

Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.4 has a signed integer overflow in XML_GetBuffer, for configurations with a nonzero XML_CONTEXT_BYTES

CVE-2022-23852 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.14 INTEGER OVERFLOW OR WRAPAROUND CWE-190

Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.4 has an integer overflow in the doProlog function.

CVE-2022-23990 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.3 BACKGROUND

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Energy
COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Switzerland

3.4 RESEARCHER

Hitachi Energy reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Hitachi energy recommends the following actions:

AFF66X FW 03.0.02 and earlier:
For all vulnerabilities, apply mitigation strategy as described in Hitachi Energy’s general mitigation factors below or update to upcoming AFF66X 04.x.xx FW when released.

AFS66X-S, AFS660-C, AFS66X-B, AFS670-V20 devices:
For all vulnerabilities, apply mitigation strategy as described in Hitachi Energy’s general mitigation factors below or update to upcoming AFS66X, AFS670-V20 7.1.08 FW when released.
Disable HTTP/HTTPS server or restrict access to HTTP/HTTPS to trusted IP addresses.
Disable IEC61850-MMS server or restrict access to IEC61850-MMS to trusted IP addresses.

AFS65X, AFS67X, AFR677 devices:
For all vulnerabilities, apply mitigation strategy as described in Hitachi Energy’s general mitigation factors below or update to AFS65X, AFS67X, AFR677 09.1.08 FW.
Disable HTTP/HTTPS server or restrict access to HTTP/HTTPS to trusted IP addresses.
Disable IEC61850-MMS server.

Hitachi Energy’s general mitigation factors:
Security practices and firewall configurations can help protect a process control network from attacks that originate from outside the network. Such practices include that process control systems are physically protected from direct access by unauthorized personnel, have no direct connections to the Internet, and are separated from other networks by means of a firewall system that has a minimal number of ports exposed, and others that have to be evaluated case by case. Process control systems should not be used for Internet surfing, instant messaging, or receiving e-mails. Portable computers and removable storage media should be carefully scanned for viruses before they are connected to a control system.

For more information, please visit Hitachi Energy’s Advisory.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities. CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:

Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

October 5, 2023: Initial Publication

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CVSS v3 6.5
ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
Vendor: Mitsubishi Electric
Equipment: CC-Link IE TSN Industrial Managed Switch
Vulnerabilities: Observable Timing Discrepancy, Double Free

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could result in disclosure of information stored in the product by sending specially crafted packets or could cause a denial-of service (DoS) condition by getting a legitimate user to import a specially crafted certificate

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following versions of Mitsubishi Electric products are affected:

CC-Link IE TSN Industrial Managed Switch, model NZ2MHG-TSNT8F2 NZ2MHG-TSNT4: All versions

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 OBSERVABLE TIMING DISCREPANCY CWE-208

An attacker could decrypt ciphertext and disclose sensitive information by sending specially crafted packets and performing a Bleichenbacher style attack.

CVE-2022-4304 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 5.9 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

3.2.2 DOUBLE FREE CWE-415

An attacker could cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition on the product by leading a legitimate user to import a malicious certificate.

CVE-2022-4450 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.3 BACKGROUND

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing
COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Japan

3.4 RESEARCHER

Mitsubishi Electric reported this these vulnerabilities to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Mitsubishi Electric recommends that customers take the following mitigations to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities:

When internet access is required, use a virtual private network (VPN) or other means to prevent unauthorized access.
Use the products within a LAN and block access from untrusted networks and hosts.
Restrict physical access to your computer and network equipment on the same network.
After you log into NZ2MHG-TSNT8F2 or NZ2MHG-TSNT4 with the web interface, change user name and password from default setting at [Account Management] displayed on the function menu. Also, set the proper access permissions for the users.

For specific update instructions and additional details see Mitsubishi Electric advisory 2023-011.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:

Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:

Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

October 5, 2023: Initial Publication

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CVSS v3 10.0
ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
Vendor: Qognify
Equipment: NiceVision
Vulnerability: Use of Hard-coded Credentials

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to retrieve sensitive information about the cameras managed by the platform and its users.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following versions of Qoginfy NiceVision, an IP-video surveillance system, are affected:

NiceVision: v3.1 and prior

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 USE OF HARD-CODED CREDENTIALS CWE-798

Qognify NiceVision versions 3.1 and prior are vulnerable to exposing sensitive information using hard-coded credentials. With these credentials an attacker can retrieve information about the cameras, user information, and modify database records.

CVE-2023-2306 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 10.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.3 BACKGROUND

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Commercial Facilities
COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States

3.4 RESEARCHER

Roni Gavrilov of OTORIO reported this vulnerability to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Qognify has released NiceVision v3.2 UP2 HF2. The latest release is available to customers who have an active SMA (Service Maintenance Agreement) with Qognify.

For more information contact Qognify.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as:

Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

October 05, 2023: Initial Publication

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CVSS v3 8.0
ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
Vendor: DEXMA
Equipment: DEXGate
Vulnerabilities: Cross-Site Scripting, Cross-Site Request Forgery, Improper Authentication, Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information, Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could result in the attacker impersonating a user, executing arbitrary code, and accessing the connected network.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following version of DEXGate is affected:

DEXGate: Version 20130114

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 CROSS-SITE SCRIPTING (XSS) CWE-79

The affected product is vulnerable to a cross-site scripting vulnerability, which could allow an attacker to access the web application to introduce arbitrary Java Script by injecting an XSS payload into the ‘hostname’ parameter of the vulnerable software.

CVE-2023-40153 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 5.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N).

3.2.2 CROSS-SITE REQUEST FORGERY (CSRF) CWE-352

The affected product is vulnerable to a cross-site request forgery vulnerability, which may allow an attacker to perform actions with the permissions of a victim user.

CVE-2023-42435 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L).

3.2.3 IMPROPER AUTHENTICATION CWE-287

The affected product is vulnerable to an improper authentication vulnerability, which may allow an attacker to impersonate a legitimate user as long as the device keeps the session active, since the attack takes advantage of the cookie header to generate “legitimate” requests.

CVE-2023-4108 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.2.4 CLEARTEXT TRANSMISSION OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION CWE-319

The affected product is vulnerable to a cleartext transmission of sensitive information vulnerability, which may allow an attacker with access to the network, where clients have access to the DexGate server, could capture traffic. The attacker can later us the information within it to access the application.

CVE-2023-41088 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N).

3.2.5 EXPOSURE OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION TO AN UNAUTHORIZED ACTOR CWE-200

The affected product is vulnerable to an exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor vulnerability, which may allow an attacker to create malicious requests for obtaining the information of the version about the web server used.

CVE-2023-42666 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Multiple
COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Spain

3.4 RESEARCHER

Aarón Flecha Menéndez of S21sec reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Dexma has not responded to CISA’s requests to coordinate at this time.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:

Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the Internet.
Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:

Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

September 28, 2023: Initial Publication